Heres a matlab code for NGTDM...........works wit 7.8 and above

% heres the code for NGTDM
clc;
clear all;
close all;
I=imread('')%load image
I=single(handles.crop1);
d=2; % for distance equal to 2
greylevels=255;
[rowsize, colsize]=size(I);
oneskernel=ones(2*d+1,2*d+1);
kernel=oneskernel;
kernel(d+1,d+1)=0;
kerncount=(2*d+1)^2-1;
 S=zeros(greylevels,1);
N=zeros(greylevels,1);
 Ip1=I+1;
mask=sign(I-greylevels)+1;
 convmask=conv2(mask,oneskernel,'same');
convmask=abs(sign(convmask)-1);
 convimage=conv2(I,kernel,'same')/kerncount;
 convimage=abs(I-convimage);
for row=(1+d):(rowsize-d)
for col=(1+d):(colsize-d)
if convmask(row,col)>0
index=Ip1(row,col);
S(index)=S(index)+convimage(row,col);
N(index)=N(index)+1;
end
end
end
 R=sum(N);
[Ni,Nj]=meshgrid(N);
[Si,Sj]=meshgrid(S);
[i,j]=meshgrid([0:greylevels-1]);
ilessjsq=(i-j).^2;
 Ni=Ni.*abs(sign(Nj));
Nj=Nj.*abs(sign(Ni));
 coars=R*R/sum(N.*S);
Ng=nnz(N);
contr=sum(S)*sum(sum(Ni.*Nj.*ilessjsq))/R^3/Ng/(Ng-1);
 busyn=sum(N.*S)/sum(sum(abs(i.*Ni-j.*Nj)))/R;
 compl=sum(sum(abs(i-j).*(Ni.*Si+Nj.*Sj)./(Ni+Nj+eps)))/R;
stren=sum(sum((Ni+Nj).*ilessjsq))/(sum(S)+eps);
disp('NGTDM features _Coarseness');display(coars)
disp('NGTDM features _Contrast');display(contr)
disp('NGTDM features _Busyiness');display(busyn)
disp('NGTDM features _Complexity');display(compl)
disp('NGTDM features _Strength');display(stren)
set(handles.edit22,'String',coars);
set(handles.edit23,'String',contr);
set(handles.edit24,'String',busyn);
set(handles.edit25,'String',compl);
set(handles.edit26,'String',stren);
d=1; %for distance equal to 1
greylevels=255;
[rowsize, colsize]=size(I);
 oneskernel=ones(2*d+1,2*d+1);
kernel=oneskernel;
kernel(d+1,d+1)=0;
kerncount=(2*d+1)^2-1;
 S=zeros(greylevels,1);
N=zeros(greylevels,1);
 Ip1=I+1;
 mask=sign(I-greylevels)+1;
 convmask=conv2(mask,oneskernel,'same');
convmask=abs(sign(convmask)-1);
 convimage=conv2(I,kernel,'same')/kerncount;
 convimage=abs(I-convimage);
for row=(1+d):(rowsize-d)
for col=(1+d):(colsize-d)
if convmask(row,col)>0
index=Ip1(row,col);
S(index)=S(index)+convimage(row,col);
N(index)=N(index)+1;
end
end
end
R=sum(N);
 [Ni,Nj]=meshgrid(N);
[Si,Sj]=meshgrid(S);
[i,j]=meshgrid([0:greylevels-1]);
ilessjsq=(i-j).^2;
Ni=Ni.*abs(sign(Nj));
Nj=Nj.*abs(sign(Ni));
 coars=R*R/sum(N.*S);
Ng=nnz(N);
contr=sum(S)*sum(sum(Ni.*Nj.*ilessjsq))/R^3/Ng/(Ng-1);
 busyn=sum(N.*S)/sum(sum(abs(i.*Ni-j.*Nj)))/R;
compl=sum(sum(abs(i-j).*(Ni.*Si+Nj.*Sj)./(Ni+Nj+eps)))/R;
stren=sum(sum((Ni+Nj).*ilessjsq))/(sum(S)+eps);
disp('NGTDM features _Coarseness 1');display(coars)
disp('NGTDM features _Contrast 1');display(contr)
disp('NGTDM features _Busyiness 1');display(busyn)
disp('NGTDM features _Complexity 1');display(compl)
disp('NGTDM features _Strength 1');display(stren)
set(handles.edit27,'String',coars);
set(handles.edit28,'String',contr);
set(handles.edit29,'String',busyn);
set(handles.edit30,'String',compl);
set(handles.edit31,'String',stren);

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ---HOPE TO SEE SOME OF THE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS

Community: Group: Biomedical User Group

A community for scientists, researchers, and engineers who are applying NI tools in the biosciences and medical device industry, including physiological monitoring, signal processing, modeling and simulation, biomedical imaging, embedded control, and other related applications. We also cover the regulatory challenges faced by companies commercializing medical devices, including hardware and software safety and validation.
 for more go to the link
Community: Group: Biomedical User Group

dont worry about marks

Lesser the marks more chance of success ,there is more determination to do something big.........

A project idea for all those who are intrested in ECG simulation

People intrested in ecg simulation ,i have an project idea ,you need to be good in microcontroller ,c/c++ or JAVA ,Matlab and also hardware ....it will have 2 teams ,(one hardware team ) and (one software team)....do contact if you are intrested..drop a mail or call me
If you all are going to consultancy  for project implementation please do not  contact me. it may take around 9 months you need to be completely dedicated ...Project work is not yet framed ..if any one shows intrest we can frame the implementation part

The Shocking Truth About Defibrillators The defibrillators in airports, malls, and offices can save your life—but too many have failed at the crucial moment

In November 2007, Anna Malofiy awoke in her Southampton, Pa., home to find her husband, Eugene, shaking and unresponsive. She called 911 and attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A few minutes later, a police officer arrived with an automated ­external ­defibrillator (AED), the Powerheart model, made by Cardiac Science Corp. By administering an electric shock, such devices can save your life if your heart stops beating.

When the officer turned on the device, Anna’s lawyers claim, it displayed an error message and failed to operate. Officers and paramedics attempted to save Eugene Malofiy without the device but were ultimately unsuccessful.

Eugene’s nephew, Francis Malofiy, a lawyer practicing in Philadelphia, is suing Cardiac Science, based in Bothell, Wash., for construction and design defects, a failure to warn consumers about the problems, breach of contracts, and negligence. A jury trial is scheduled for July 2012.

“We went deep into police records and found a smoking gun,” Malofiy says. “Cardiac Science had 114 complaints of these specific relay-switch failures but failed to do any real corrective action. Rather than a recall being issued, rather than anything happening, the situation had to present itself many, many times.”

Cardiac Science did eventually recall about 280 000 of the Powerheart and other models. This is only one of many failures reported of AEDs, first-aid devices that have become increasingly common in the public spaces of the United States, where they are designated by the symbol of a heart and a lightning bolt. There are now 1.5 million AEDs deployed nationwide, five for each of the 300 000 people in the country who need them every year.

When a policeman, shopkeeper, or passerby uses an AED promptly and correctly, it can help keep the suffering person alive until professionals can provide treatment, increasing survival chances up to tenfold. Yet despite the enormous investment in these AEDs, the death rate from sudden cardiac arrest is no better than it was 20 years ago. It still kills more Americans than lung, breast, and prostate cancers and AIDS combined. Worldwide, it kills about 7 million people a year.

So what’s going wrong? Are too many AEDs badly designed or prone to malfunction? Are they just not numerous enough to be found and used in time? Or are there other reasons they aren’t saving lives, reasons that would render public AEDs a waste of money?

First, a primer on the problem. Sudden cardiac arrest is not a heart attack. In a heart attack, blood can’t flow properly to the heart but the muscle itself keeps beating, so sufferers typically remain conscious. In cardiac arrest, the heart’s pumping mechanism—an electrochemically choreographed affair—becomes deranged, so that the many motions of the various parts no longer work together to pump any blood. With no blood flowing to the lungs or brain, victims rapidly lose consciousness.

From that moment on, time is of the essence. For every minute that passes without a heartbeat, the patient’s chance of survival drops by up to 10 percent. Even if a properly trained bystander immediately starts cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), rapidly compressing the patient’s chest to force blood around the body, survival rates will still decline 5 percent per minute. To actually save the person, you must restore the heart’s normal sinus rhythm, and this is where AEDs come in.

Sudden cardiac arrest is most often caused by ventricular fibrillation, when the heart’s lower chambers stop beating and instead quiver rapidly and irregularly. AEDs detect this distinctive quivering and then deliver one or more electric shocks. The shocks cause the heart’s muscle cells to contract simultaneously, interrupting the disorganized spasms and, if all goes well, rebooting the malfunctioning organ.

Electromagnetic Depression Treatment Nears Approval

A new type of brain stimulation device for combating difficult-to-treat cases of major depressive disorder is likely to break into the large American market soon. Its maker, Jerusalem-based Brainsway, plans to apply to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for permission to market the device this month. The move follows initial results from a large-scale trial of the system, in which 30.4 percent of treated patients went into remission and 36.7 percent showed significant improvement. Research into device-based treatments for psychiatric problems has grown rapidly, and if the FDA gives its go-ahead, Brainsway’s system will become the fourth device-based therapy to go on the market since 2005.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as its name suggests, uses magnetic fields to stimulate activity in structures deep in the brain. The patient wears a helmet in which powerful, specially designed electromagnets have been carefully positioned. When a pulse of electricity flows through the magnets’ coils, the resulting magnetic field induces current to flow through a portion of the brain. 


FULL POST ON
Electromagnetic Depression Treatment Nears Approval

"Radiology" in medicine ."Image processing "in Engineering

 ""Radiology" a Subject which is one of the most desired and most interesting field in Medicine and also where most of the money lies in" this is one of the doctor whom i am currently working with had to say for asking what do you feel about radiology , If some one would have asked me what to you mean "IMAGE PROCESSING" probably i would have given the same answer with reference to engineering

Next question i asked which modality do you prefer more  the question which came to mind spontaneously well the answer was more like expected  "MRI/CT" , 

From  a patient perspective ULTRASOUND is the safest but why MRI??? / CT???, "MRI and CT gives us more accurate results and so why take risk with ultrasound and when patients are   affording to pay  for higher modality scanning, and  with new machines the output are more faster ".

 

How accurately can you treat me if i have some problem was my next question "I don't treat i just diagnose ".

So the next question is the simplest one how accurately can i be diagnosed particularly using Ultrasound,Answer was look you cannot compare the modalities,some diagnosis particularly require Ultrasound only ,in that case we have to opt for ULTRASOUND ,In percentage wise say around 75% .So here starts the search for my project objective WHY??? only  75% not 90% or more ...

      With a Lot of Literature survey and meetings with radiologist ,the problem encountered using Ultrasound is it is a more of Subjective Type as all other modalities are ,and due to its image quality a bit like 1950s Black and white TV with lot of interference what we call "SPECKLE NOISE”. It is difficult to visualize, This article is not about removing speckle noise ,Lot of PhD have been done in this area ,I am referring to something else ,Why not make ULTRASOUND imaging a bit more objective ???.If it could bring accuracy above 5% at least then this work is worth doing. Instead of segmentation and other stuffs ,During my literature survey i have seen a lot of  segmentation and finally people concluding Cancerous, tumor, malignant is that very  necessary ???,The most craziest part is i saw most of them do there  MTECH project in a year and finally conclude look here is the TUMOUR ,i will segment it and tell you what kind of tumour, Are we gone Crazy ,lost our ability to think ,if i can detect a tumour in an image and conclude this is "that kind of Tumour" why do a doctor need to study 7 years ,BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERS do help in the diagnosis but do not conclude saying it what kind of and  Doctors are meant for that just give them a aid to visualize the area rather than giving them judgment

Something that drives me crazy is "compression algorithms " ,Biomedical engineers stop doing this ,this is not what you are meant to do compressing things

Here comes the most amazing part a Cardiologist by seeing an ECG can tell you what kind of arrhythmia it is in not more than 7-10 min ( value added after consulting). So do we really need to build an algorithm saying what kind of arrhythmia????, ok you want to build one ,surely proceed with it ,but don't conclude saying it is so & SO...GIVE SOME VALUES ,PUT THE BALL IN DOCTORS COURT ,THIS IS WHAT IT SEEMS TO POSSIBLY BE. 
If you are building something for self diagnosis(eg.BP monitoring system)  then you have to be pretty sure no "assume" ,"if" are possible

"In case you are building some algorithm for just a normal laymen not a doctor then that is a risk ,because you can never trust a persons body ,there is never a second chance"

MACHINE ALGORITHIMS should always be a supportive tool...Biomedical signals are always non deterministic you can never compare one persons signals with others ,so just build something to aid  the doctors judgement, not to help in concluding a doctors judgement . 
"DOING FOR THE SAKE OF DOING IS NOT WHAT A BIOMEDICAL ENGINEER IS MEANT TO BE , AN IMMENSE OPPURTUNITES AND FUN AWAITS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ,COME JOIN THE FAMILY OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ",if you want to have fun with learning there is no other feild than this so for more info on biomedical engineering do visit BIOMEDICAL  ENGINEERING 

Sharper ultrasound images could improve diagnostics - MIT News Office

Ultrasound images, known as sonograms, have become a familiar part of pregnancy, allowing expectant parents a view of their unborn child. But new research at MIT could improve the ability of untrained workers to perform basic ultrasound tests, while allowing trained workers to much more accurately track the development of medical conditions, such as the growth of a tumor or the buildup of plaque in arteries.

The improvements to this widely used technology could provide detailed information far beyond what is possible with existing systems, the researchers say. The work, led by Brian W. Anthony, co-director of MIT’s Medical Electronic Device Realization Center (MEDRC) and director of the Master of Engineering in Manufacturing Program, was recently presented at the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging in Barcelona, Spain.There are two key elements to the improvements engineered by Anthony and his team. First, the researchers devised a way to adjust for variations in the force exerted by a sonographer, producing more consistent images that can compensate for body motions such as breathing and heartbeat. Second, they provided a way to map the exact location on the skin where one reading was taken, so that it can be precisely matched with later readings to detect changes in the size or location of a tumor, clot or other structure.

Together, the two improvements could make sonography a much more precise tool for monitoring the progression of disease, Anthony says. The devices are currently undergoing three clinical trials, including one at Boston Children’s Hospital focused on monitoring the progression of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

In that trial, Anthony says, researchers are trying to determine “how fast the muscle deteriorates, and how effective different medications are.” It’s important to have a reliable way of monitoring changes in muscle, he says. The study is aimed at determining whether ultrasound analysis can serve as a convenient, noninvasive, clinically meaningful way of monitoring disease progression in DMD.
to continue reading
go to the link
Sharper ultrasound images could improve diagnostics - MIT News Office

Sorry readers removing my frustation in the post

It is hectic day ,hectic Time...MY Matlab Program is behaving abnormally, From past week the code was running like a person "slipping on banana skin".......Today what the hell on earth has come to my MAT LAB PROGRAM it is completely behaving abnormal..........and over that i m not able to CRACK the error Watching a 6 line code from whole day ....Lot of things running in MIND...as the next month is crucial for my future ........so That the decision i take "should not ruin my future"...ANY BODY HAVE A SUGGESTION PLEASE BRING ME OUT FROM HERE"...Have actually 3 JOBS in HAND with the appointment letter  ...one with the highest pay to lead a most comfortable life but very boring one.the second one is a OK type with very much what others do,i mean programming....THE third ONE very exciting One in The area of BIOMEDICAL engineering but  "LESS MONEY ",not only that a 3 YEAR BOND ( working WITH A BOND NEVER KNOW WHATS STORED UP FOR ToMorrow  ,CANT HAVE FREEDOM).........here WHAT MAKES MY LIFE STILL more complicated ....Waiting for a Interview result which is expected to come by AUGUST...and also Have an Option Of doing PHD...My HOD says i have to do Phd...very easy but will i get a seat ...for which i have to wait till October...........What shall  i do till then??????,and then if i dont get what next ???
            Feels like calling and asking my friend ....ufffffffff but i think they all are too busy with there life ,Don't want to trouble them..and over that  makes me feel "i disturb or irritate them more than often"

ufffff......Finally Got the perfect Skeleton

HERE IS SOMETHING EXITING FOR ALL STUDENTS OR READERS INTRESTED IN BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND SOME INSIGHT OF RADIOLOGY

click here to go to the link

Username :: abhijit_bailur@yahoo.co.in 
password :: 832791cf. 


PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE PASSWORD

The story behind MRI in PICS

Michael Goldsmith, Raymond Damadian and Michael Stanford beginning the winding of thirty miles of Niobium Titanium wire on one of the two solenoid (circular) winding frames that would compose Indomitable's MRI magnet.

One of the two liquid helium dewars under construction that would house one of Indomitable's two superconducting magnet coils and maintain the necessary -269° C temperature needed to establish superconductivity in the Niobium Titanium magnet coil.

Raymond Damadian, Larry Minkoff and Michael Goldsmith with "Indomitable" and its iced liquid helium and liquid nitrogen ports: the world's first supercooled, superconducting MR scanner and the world's first MRI machine

The unsuccessful first human MRI scan of Damadian. Goldsmith concluded that Damadian was simply "too fat" for his NMR receiver coil (the multi-conductor helix around Damadian's chest)

 L. Minkoff in Indomitable with some "room to spare" inside the Goldsmith receiver coil. 

 The data of the first live human MRI scan of L. Minkoff's chest consisting of 106 data points acquired over four hours and forty five minutes.

The interpolated image of the Minkoff scan and the first ever MRI scan of a live human being (4:45 AM July 3, 1977).

July 3, 1977 the 4:45 AM jubilation of Team Indomitable.